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Last modified: 26 March 1999

Bibliography on structural studies of nitric oxide synthases

  1. Abu­Soud, H.M., Wang, J., Rousseau, D.L., Fukuto, J.M., Ignarro, L.J. and Stuehr, D.J. (1995) Neuronal nitric oxide synthase self­inactivates by forming a ferrous­nitrosyl complex during aerobic catalysis. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 22997-23006.
  2. Abu­Soud, H.M., Wu, C., Ghosh, D.K. and Stuehr, D.J. (1998) Stopped­flow analysis of CO and NO binding to inducible nitric oxide synthase. Biochemistry 37, 3777-3786.
  3. Andersson, L.A., Johnson, A.K. and Peterson, J.A. (1997) Active site analysis of P450 enzymes: comparative magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 345, 79-87.
  4. Bec, N., Gorren, A.C.F., Voelker, C., Mayer, B. and Lange, R. (1998) Reaction of neuronal nitric­oxide synthase with oxygen at low temperature. Evidence for reductive activation of the oxy-ferrous complex by tetrahydrobiopterin. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 13502-13508.
  5. Berka, V., Chen, P.­F. and Tsai, A.­L. (1996) Spatial relationship between L­arginine and heme binding sites of endothelial nitric­oxide synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 33293-33300.
  6. Berka, V., Palmer, G., Chen, P.­F. and Tsai, A.­L. (1998) Effects of various imidazole ligands on heme conformation in endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Biochemistry 37, 6136-6144.
  7. Brunner, K., Tortschanoff, A., Hemmens, B., Andrew, P.J., Mayer, B. and Kungl, A.J. (1998) Sensitivity of flavin fluorescence dynamics in neuronal nitric oxide synthase to cofactor­induced conformational changes and dimerization. Biochemistry 37, 17545-17553.
  8. Bryk, R. and Wolff, D.J. (1998) Mechanism of inducible nitric oxide synthase inactivation by aminoguanidine and L­N6­(1­iminoethyl)lysine. Biochemistry 37, 4844-4852.
  9. Chabin, R.M., McCauley, E., Calaycay, J.R., Kelly, T.M., MacNaul, K.L., Wolfe, G.C., Hutchinson, N.I., Madhusudanaraju, S., Schmidt, J.A., Kozarich, J.W. and Wong, K.K. (1996) Active­site structure analysis of recombinant human inducible nitric oxide synthase using imidazole. Biochemistry 35, 9567-9575.
  10. Chen, P.­F., Tsai, A.­L., Berka, V. and Wu, K.K. (1996) Endothelial nitric­oxide synthase. Evidence for bidomain structure and successful reconstitution of catalytic activity from two separate domains generated by a baculovirus expression system. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 14631-14635.
  11. Chen, P.­F., Tsai, A.­L., Berka, V. and Wu, K.K. (1997) Mutation of Glu­361 in human endothelial nitric­oxide synthase selectively abolishes L­arginine binding without perturbing the behavior of heme and other redox centers. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 6114-6118.
  12. Chen, P.­F., Berka, V., Tsai, A.­L. and Wu, K.K. (1998) Effects of Asp­369 and Arg­372 mutations on heme environment and function in human endothelial nitric­oxide synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 34164-34170.
  13. Crane, B.R., Arvai, A.S., Gachhui, R., Wu, C., Ghosh, D.K., Getzoff, E.D., Stuehr, D.J. and Tainer, J.A. (1997) The structure of nitric oxide synthase oxygenase domain and inhibitor complexes. Science 278, 425-431. Crystallography
  14. Crane, B.R., Arvai, A.S., Ghosh, D.K., Wu, C., Getzoff, E.D., Stuehr, D.J. and Tainer, J.A. (1998) Structure of nitric oxide synthase oxygenase dimer with pterin and substrate. Science 279, 2121-2126. Crystallography
  15. Drapier, J.C. (1997) Interplay between NO and [Fe-S] clusters: relevance to biological systems. Methods 11, 319-329.
  16. Fan, B., Wang, J., Stuehr, D.J. and Rousseau, D.L. (1997) NO synthase isozymes have distinct substrate binding sites. Biochemistry 36, 12660-12665.
  17. Fan, J.­S., Zhang, Q., Li, M., Tochio, H., Yamazaki, T., Shimizu, M. and Zhang, M. (1998) Protein inhibitor of neuronal nitric­oxide synthase, PIN, binds to a 17­amino acid residue fragment of the enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 33472-33481.
  18. Fischmann, T.O., Hruza, A., Niu, X.D., Fossetta, J.D., Lunn, C.A., Dolphin, E., Prongay, A.J., Reichert, P., Lundell, D.J., Narula, S.K. and Weber, P.C. (1999) Structural characterization of nitric oxide synthase isoforms reveals striking active­site conservation. Nature Struct. Biol. 6, 233-242.
  19. Gachhui, R., Presta, A., Bentley, D.F., Abu­Soud, H.M., McArthur, R., Brudvig, G., Ghosh, D.K. and Stuehr, D.J. (1996) Characterization of the reductase domain of rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase generated in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Calmodulin response is complete within the reductase domain itself. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20594-20602.
  20. Galli, C., MacArthur, R., Abu­Soud, H.M., Clark, P., Stuehr, D.J. and Brudvig, G.W. (1996) EPR spectroscopic characterization of neuronal NO synthase. Biochemistry 35, 2804-2810.
  21. Ghosh, D.K. and Stuehr, D.J. (1995) Macrophage NO synthase: characterization of isolated oxygenase and reductase domains reveals a head­to­head subunit interaction. Biochemistry 34, 801-807.
  22. Hurshman, A.R. and Marletta, M.A. (1995) Nitric oxide complexes of inducible nitric oxide synthase: Spectral characterization and effect on catalytic activity. Biochemistry 34, 5627-5634.
  23. Klatt, P., Schmidt, K., Lehner, D., Glatter, O., Bachinger, H.P. and Mayer, B. (1995) Structural analysis of porcine brain nitric oxide synthase reveals a role for tetrahydrobiopterin and L­arginine in the formation of an SDS­resistant dimer. EMBO J. 14, 3687-3695.
  24. Klatt, P., Pfeiffer, S., List, B.M., Lehner, D., Glatter, O., Bachinger, H.P., Werner, E.R., Schmidt, K. and Mayer, B. (1996) Characterization of heme­deficient neuronal nitric­oxide synthase reveals a role for heme in subunit dimerization and binding of the amino acid substrate and tetrahydrobiopterin. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 7336-7342.
  25. Martásek, P., Miller, R.T., Liu, Q., Roman, L.J., Salerno, J.C., Migita, C.T., Raman, C.S., Gross, S.S., Ikeda­Saito, M. and Masters, B.S.S. (1998) The C331A mutant of neuronal nitric­oxide synthase is defective in arginine binding. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 34799-347805.
  26. Matsubara, M., Titani, K. and Taniguchi, H. (1996) Interaction of calmodulin­binding domain peptides of nitric oxide synthase with membrane phospholipids: Regulation by protein phosphorylation and Ca2+­calmodulin. Biochemistry 35, 14651-14658.
  27. Matsubara, M., Hayashi, N., Titani, K. and Taniguchi, H. (1997) Circular dichroism and 1H NMR studies on the structures of peptides derived from the calmodulin­binding domains of inducible and endothelial nitric­oxide synthase in solution and in complex with calmodulin. Nascent alpha­helical structures are stabilized by calmodulin both in the presence and absence of Ca2+. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 23050-23056.
  28. Mayer, B., Wu, C., Gorren, A.C.F., Pfeiffer, S., Schmidt, K., Clark, P., Stuehr, D.J. and Werner, E.R. (1997) Tetrahydrobiopterin binding to macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase: Heme spin shift and dimer stabilization by the potent pterin antagonist 4­amino­tetrahydrobiopterin. Biochemistry 36, 8422-8427.
  29. Migita, C.T., Salerno, J.C., Masters, B.S.S., Martásek, P., McMillan, K. and Ikeda­Saito, M. (1997) Substrate binding­induced changes in the EPR spectra of the ferrous nitric oxide complexes of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Biochemistry 36, 10987-10992.
  30. Mulsch, A., Vanin, A., Mordvintcev, P., Hauschildt, S. and Busse, R. (1992) NO accounts completely for the oxygenated nitrogen species generated by enzymic L­arginine oxygenation. Biochem. J. 288, 597-603.
  31. Perry, J.M., Moon, N., Zhao, Y., Dunham, W.R. and Marletta, M.A. (1998) The high­potential flavin and heme of nitric oxide synthase are not magnetically linked: implications for electron transfer. Chemistry & Biology 5, 355-364.
  32. Persechini, A., McMillan, K. and Masters, B.S.S. (1995) Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity by Zn2+ ion. Biochemistry 34, 15091-15095.
  33. Pfeiffer, S., Gorren, A.C.F., Pitters, E., Schmidt, K., Werner, E.R. and Mayer, B. (1997) Allosteric modulation of rat brain nitric oxide synthase by the pterin­site enzyme inhibitor 4­aminotetrahydrobiopterin. Biochem. J. 328, 349-352.
  34. Raman, C.S., Li, H., Martásek, P., Král, V., Masters, B.S.S. and Poulos, T.L. (1998) Crystal structure of constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase: a paradigm for pterin function involving a novel metal center. Cell 95, 939-950.
  35. Renodon, A., Boucher, J.­L., Wu, C., Gachhui, R., Sari, M.­A., Mansuy, D. and Stuehr, D. (1998) Formation of nitric oxide synthase-iron(II) nitrosoalkane complexes: Severe restriction of access to the iron(II) site in the presence of tetrahydrobiopterin. Biochemistry 37, 6367-6374.
  36. Richards, M.K., Clague, M.J. and Marletta, M.A. (1996) Characterization of C415 mutants of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Biochemistry 35, 7772-7780.
  37. Rodríguez­Crespo, I., Moënne­Loccoz, P., Loehr, T.M. and Ortiz de Montellano, P.R. (1997) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: Modulations of the distal heme site produced by progressive N­terminal deletions. Biochemistry 36, 8530-8538.
  38. Rusche, K.M., Spiering, M.M. and Marletta, M.A. (1998) Reactions catalyzed by tetrahydrobiopterin­free nitric oxide synthase. Biochemistry 37, 15503-15512.
  39. Salerno, J.C., Frey, C., McMillan, K., Williams, R.F., Masters, B.S.S. and Griffith, O.W. (1995) Characterization by electron paramagnetic resonance of the interactions of L­arginine and L­thiocitrulline with the heme cofactor region of nitric oxide synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 27423-27428.
  40. Salerno, J.C., Martásek, P., Roman, L.J. and Masters, B.S.S. (1996a) Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the heme domain of inducible nitric oxide synthase: Binding of ligands at the arginine site induces changes in the heme ligation geometry. Biochemistry 35, 7626-7630.
  41. Salerno, J.C., McMillan, K. and Masters, B.S.S (1996b) Binding of intermediate, product, and substrate analogs to neuronal nitric oxide synthase: Ferriheme is sensitive to ligand­specific effects in the L­arginine binding site. Biochemistry 35, 11839-11845.
  42. Salerno, J.C., Martásek, P., Williams, R.F. and Masters, B.S.S (1997) Substrate and substrate analog binding to endothelial nitric oxide synthase: Electron paramagnetic resonance as an isoform­specific probe of the binding mode of substrate analogs. Biochemistry 36, 11821-11827.
  43. Siddhanta, U., Wu, C., Abu­Soud, H.M., Zhang, J., Ghosh, D.K. and Stuehr, D.J. (1996) Heme iron reduction and catalysis by a nitric oxide synthase heterodimer containing one reductase and two oxygenase domains. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 7309-7312.
  44. Siddhanta, U., Presta, A., Fan, B., Wolan, D., Rousseau, D.L. and Stuehr, D.J. (1998) Domain swapping in inducible nitric­oxide synthase. Electron transfer occurs between flavin and heme groups located on adjacent subunits in the dimer. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 18950-18958.
  45. Sono, M., Stuehr, D.J., Ikeda­Saito, M. and Dawson, J.H. (1995) Identification of nitric oxide synthase as a thiolate­ligated heme protein using magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Comparison with cytochrome P­450­CAM and chloroperoxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 19943-19948.
  46. Stuehr, D.J. and Ikeda­Saito, M. (1992) Spectral characterization of brain and macrophage nitric oxide synthases. Cytochrome P­450-like hemeproteins that contain a flavin semiquinone radical. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20547-20550.
  47. Tierney, D.L., Martásek, P., Doan, P.E., Masters, B.S.S. and Hoffman, B.M. (1998) Location of guanidino nitrogen of L­arginine substrate bound to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS): Determination by Q­band pulsed ENDOR spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 2983-2984.
  48. Tierney, D.L., Huang, H., Martásek, P., Masters, B.S.S., Silverman, R.B. and Hoffman, B.M. (1999) ENDOR spectroscopic evidence for the position and structure of NG­hydroxy­L­arginine bound to holo­neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Biochemistry 38, 3704-3710.
  49. Tsai, A.­L., Berka, V., Chen, P.­F. and Palmer, G. (1996) Characterization of endothelial nitric­oxide synthase and its reaction with ligand by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 32563-32571.
  50. Wang, J., Stuehr, D.J., Ikeda­Saito, M. and Rousseau, D.L. (1993) Heme coordination and structure of the catalytic site in nitric oxide synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 22255-22258.
  51. Wang, J., Rousseau, D.L., Abu­Soud, H.M. and Stuehr, D.J. (1994) Heme coordination of NO in NO synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 10512-10516.
  52. Wang, J., Stuehr, D.J. and Rousseau, D.L. (1995) Tetrahydrobiopterin­deficient nitric oxide synthase has a modified heme environment and forms a cytochrome P­420 analogue. Biochemistry 34, 7080-7087.
  53. Wang, J., Stuehr, D.J. and Rousseau, D.L. (1997) Interactions between substrate analogues and heme ligands in nitric oxide synthase. Biochemistry 36, 4595-4606.
  54. Xia, Y. and Zweier, J.L. (1997) Direct measurement of nitric oxide generation from nitric oxide synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 12705-12710.
  55. Yoneyama, H., Hori, H. and Ichikawa, Y. (1997) Optical and electron paramagnetic resonance absorption spectra of complexes of nitric oxide synthase I with isocyanides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1335, 253-264.
  56. Zhang, H.Q., Dixon, R.P., Marletta, M.A., Nikolic, D., van Breemen, R. and Silverman, R.B. (1997) Mechanism of inactivation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by Nomega­allyl­L­arginine. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 10888-10902.
  57. Zhang, M. and Vogel, H.J. (1994) Characterization of the calmodulin­binding domain of rat cerebellar nitric oxide synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 981-985.
  58. Zhang, M., Fabian, H., Mantsch, H.H. and Vogel, H.J. (1994) Isotope­edited Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of calmodulin's interaction with its target peptides. Biochemistry 33, 10883-10888.
  59. Zhang, M., Yuan, T., Aramini, J.M. and Vogel, H.J. (1995) Interaction of calmodulin with its binding domain of rat cerebellar nitric oxide synthase. A multinuclear NMR study. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 20901-20907.
  60. Zoche, M., Bienert, M., Beyermann, M. and Koch, K.­W. (1996) Distinct molecular recognition of calmodulin­binding sites in the neuronal and macrophage nitric oxide synthases: A surface plasmon resonance study. Biochemistry 35, 8742-8747.
  61. Zoche, M., Beyermann, M. and Koch, K.­W. (1997) Introduction of a phosphate at serine741 of the calmodulin­binding domain of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS­I) prevents binding of calmodulin. Biol. Chem. 378, 851-857.
Reviews on nitric oxide synthases