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Last modified: 7 January 1999

Reviews on structure and function of isopenicillin N synthase

  1. Aharonowitz, Y., Cohen, G. and Martin, J.F. (1992) Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthetic genes: Structure, organization, regulation, and evolution. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 46, 461-495.
  2. Barlow, J.N., Baldwin, J.E., Clifton, I.J., Gibson, E., Hensgens, C.M.H., Hajdu, J., Hara, T., Hassan, A., John, P., Lloyd, M.D., Roach, P.L., Prescott, A., Robinson, J.K., Zhang, Z.H. and Schofield, C.J. (1997) Studies on non­haem ferrous­dependent oxygenases and oxidases. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 25, 86-90.
  3. Barredo, J.L. and Martin, J.F. (1991) Genes directly involved in the biosynthesis of ß­lactam antibiotics. Microbiologia 7, 1-12.
  4. Brakhage, A.A. (1997) Molecular regulation of penicillin biosynthesis in Aspergillus (Emericella) nidulans. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 148, 1-10.
  5. Brakhage, A.A. (1998) Molecular regulation of ß­lactam biosynthesis in filamentous fungi. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62, 547-585.
  6. Cohen, G., Shiffman, D., Mevarech, M. and Aharonowitz, Y. (1990) Microbial isopenicillin N synthase genes: Structure, function, diversity and evolution. Trends Biotechnol. 8, 105-111.
  7. Cooper, R.D. (1993) The enzymes involved in biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin; their structure and function. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 1, 1-17.
  8. Martin, J.F. and Gutierrez, S. (1995) Genes for ß­lactam antibiotic biosynthesis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 67, 181-200.
  9. Martin, J.F., Gutierrez, S., Fernandez, F.J., Velasco, J., Fierro, F., Marcos, A.T. and Kosalkova, K. (1994) Expression of genes and processing of enzymes for the biosynthesis of penicillins and cephalosporins. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 65, 227-243.
  10. Que, L., Jr. and Ho, R.Y.N. (1996) Dioxygen activation by enzymes with mononuclear non­heme iron active sites. Chem. Rev. 96, 2607-2624.
  11. Schofield, C.J., Baldwin, J.E., Byford, M.F., Clifton, I., Hajdu, J., Hensgens, C.M.H. and Roach, P. (1997) Proteins of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7, 857-864.
  12. Turner, G. (1992) Genes for the biosynthesis of ß­lactam compounds in microorganisms. Ciba Found. Symp. 171, 113-124.
Bibliography on structural studies of isopenicillin N synthase